Penetrating oil compositions



Patented Aug. 31, 1948 rENETRA'riNG om ooly irosrrlons Lewis D.Gittin'gs, Anniston, Ala., asslgnor to Monsanto Chemical Company, St.Louis, Mo., acorporation of Delaware This invention'relates' to hisoutstanding penetrating and creeping properties and to a process ofproducing same.

Anobject of the invention is to provide a combined penetrating andlubricating on character- 'ized by having a high degree of capillaritywhich oily compositions h'av-w 3 Application October 24, 1945, SerialNo.'624,316

I. l .6 Claims. (01. 252-59) *with' dicyclohexyl, and it is prepared bysimply mixing these ingredients together since they are freely solublein each other.

' Reference is made to the following table which illustrates a number oftypical compositions prepared in accordance with the present invention.

Penetrating oil compositions 1 1, K same '1, s indl our. 2 s m Com. No.l ta x v i t y Per 3%y Per Cent l3y l er C nt By {gi 5 35; (gait; I,V01. V01. 4 Vol. (A Vol. (B) Sal seconds at 25 C.

causes it to quicklypenetrate andlubricateco- (A) Properties of SAE-IOoil: 7 herent or coalesced surfaces. ..I. gravity 60 F. min"-.. 30.5Another object of the invention is to provid Color, Robinson 8-9 apenetrating oil which is highly effective for Open flash F. ASTM min 410loosening badly rusted nuts, bolts, studs, and Pour test F. max -20similar so called "frozen connections. 5- Viscosity 100 F. Say 185/195An additional object is to provide a penetrat- Per cent Conradson carbonmax- 0.12 ing oil characterized by its ability to loosen or V. I. min105 dissolve rust or corrosion which prevents rela- .(B)-:Pr0pertiesofspindle oilA: tive movement between metal surfaces. Viscosity at 100 Fseconds '72 A further object is to provide a novel composition which, byvirtue of its pronounced penetrating powers, is adapted for use in theremoval of carbon from internal combustion engines.

Other objects will be apparent to those skilled in the art as thedescription proceeds.

A penetrating oil to be of commercial value must have a high degree ofcapillarity so that it will quickly work its way into minute spacesbetween corroded, rusted or frozen surfaces. It must also have a lowviscosity and a high prefer ential wetting power for the surface to belubricated as it is essential that the oil penetrate the rust and adhereto the underlying surface. Moreover, where the penetrating oil is to beused as a lubricant it must have a vapor pressure such that afterreaching its point of use, it will not completely evaporate and it mustalso have suillcient body to lubricate the metal surfaces when relativemotion occurs.

I have developed a composition fully satisfying the above requirementswhich is characterized by outstanding penetrating and creepingproperties. This composition comprises a light hydrocarbon oil or amixture of a light hydrocarbon oil and a lubricating oil in combinationThe above compositions are highly eiilcient penetrating oils and may beused for loosening rusted nuts, bolts, studs, laboratory ring stands andother so called frozen connections. Of the above compositions, Example 4is preferred since it possesses exceptional penetrating properties andhas been found superior to any of the commercial penetrating oils now onthe market.

Compositions 3, 5, 6 and 7 are efilcient lubricants and in addition haveexcellent penetrating powers, but in the latter respect they are notquite as effective as composition 4.

All of the foregoing compositions, and particularly composition 4, areadapted for use in the removal of carbon from internal combustionengines. When employed for this purpose, the compositions are introducedinto the engine through the carburetor air-intake while the engine is inoperation. The amount added varies with the composition selected andwith the condition and size of the engine, but in general substantiallycomplete removal of carbon can be obtained by means of about one pint ofpenetrating oil. As an alternative to the above procedure, thepenetrating oil may be added directly to the motor fuel.

of lubricating oil should be correspondingly decreased.

in place of kerosene, other materials such as light hydrocarbons (28.0A. P. I. gravity or higher), Varnolene, furnace oil, gasoline, light gasoil, one of the pressure naphthas (in the reflned or crude state) ormixtures of two or more of these-may be'employed.

Moreover, other lubricants may .ribexsubstituted for those specificallymentioned in the above table, such as:

1. Spindle oil having a Saybolt viscosityhofc from about 70 to 350seconds andpreferably'from 90 to 130 seconds at 100 F. f

2. Lubricating oils having ia specifici'gravityctof about 0.89 to 0.91.

3. Lubricating oil of a paraflinic ortan asphaltic 4. Light lubricatingoils of 20 A. P.L'.I.=:--gravity or lighter.

The proportions. of: the vvarious i-ngredientsimay v.fluctuate. overwide limits-withoutzdepartingi'from the spirit of thepresent-1invention,:it-=beingtunlderstood that this factor will vary-=depending upon the viscosityaof the -.lightt-hydrocarbon :oil

and/or ,the lubricating oil 1 and the work .to- \be done.

For example, the amountpf"dicyclohexyl 'may vary from 5 to 60 byvo'lumefan'd even' higher 215 base with a viscosity of about 100Sayboltmt,

percentages are-within the scopeof ztheiinvention but-forapenetratingoilo'f general utilitygI prefer 1:530

to employ'about60%= by volume oirthis'compound. The content oflight"hydrocarbonoirand"lubri cating oil is preferably maintained withinthe rangesofhfrom 5% 'toi "and to 75%:by volume respectively, but higheror flower proporiltionsiof these materials are also'within the scope ortheinvention.

In general, where the a composition is employed as a combinedpenetrating andlubricating oil,'it'is desirable to use a relatively highproportion oflubricating -"oilin rela- *tion to thelighthydrocarbontiil. "-Orrthe other hand if a penetrating oilof'pronouncedcreepingproperties is'desired, the proportion oflight hydrocarbon oilshoulclbeincreasedand-the content The foregoing description has been restrictedto combinations of dicyclohexyl' with lighthydrocarbon oils and/orlubricating oils, but it should be clearly understood that the inventionis not limited thereto as dicyclohexyl increases the effectiveness ofpenetrating oils generally. Thus, in its broadest aspect, the presentinvention contemplates the :addition of tdicyclohexyl to all 5;knownipenetrating oils. totincreaseitheir tefificiency either byreplacing or supplementing the active constituent thereof.

While I have described my invention in detail, 'it'shouldbeunderstoodthat many changes may zbemadethereimwithout departing from the spiriteofasame.

low viscosity'lubricating oil and byvolume of dicyclohexyl.

r5.'"A"combined-penetrating and lubricating oil comprisingiincombination 20% by volume of -kerosene, by volume of a low viscositylubricating oil and 5% by volume of dicyclohexyl.

"'6. *Acombined'penetrating and lubricating oil comprising E incombination 25% by volume of kerosene, 50 %"by*vo'lume of a lowviscosity lubrieatin oil and 25%--by volume of dicyclohexyl.

LEWIS D. GITTINGS.

wRrEF-ERENGES CITED Ihafollowmg references are-Moi record "in :the fileof this patent: I

IUNITED ISTA'IES -PATENTS ?Number Name ":Date

1,333,363 5'Alobott. 1 Mar.x=.9,i ,1920 il;580.','233 E'Gopthorne Lf-Apr. :13, .1926 21;822;886 :El'derkin ......-":'Sept. 15, 1931 "3.2;389j608 Galvan ii Nov. 27, 1945

